Kubara Umuyaga Uhumeka no Guhitamo Ibikoresho mu Kubaka Umuyoboro (1)

Mubikorwa byo gucukura tunnel, kugirango bigabanye kandi bisohore umwotsi wimbunda, umukungugu, imyuka yangiza nubumara bwangiza biterwa no guturika, no gukomeza akazi keza, birakenewe guhumeka isura yubucukuzi bwa tunnel cyangwa ahandi hantu hakorerwa (ni ukuvuga, ohereza umwuka mwiza).Ariko kuri ubu, mu bwubatsi bwo gucukura tunnel, guhitamo no guhuza imashini n'ibikoresho byo guhumeka, no kugenzura ubwinshi bw'ikirere n'umuvuduko w'umuyaga ahanini bishingiye ku bunararibonye.Iyi ngingo irerekana muri make uburyo bwo kumenya ingano yumwuka uhumeka no guhitamo ibikoresho mukubaka ubucukuzi.

1. Guhumeka no kubishyira mu bikorwa

Uburyo bwo guhumeka bugenwa ukurikije uburebure bwa tunnel, uburyo bwubwubatsi nuburyo ibikoresho bimeze, kandi bigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: guhumeka bisanzwe no guhumeka.Guhumeka bisanzwe ni ugukoresha itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wikirere hagati yimbere ninyuma ya tunel kugirango uhumeke udafite ibikoresho bya mashini;).Uburyo bubiri bwibanze bwo guhumeka imashini (gukanda-guhumeka no gukuramo umuyaga) byerekanwe mubishushanyo mbonera byerekana uburyo bwo guhumeka (kubaka 1);guhumeka bivanze ni ihuriro ryuburyo bubiri bwibanze bwo guhumeka, bigabanijwemo umuvuduko muremure no gukuramo-bigufi, umuvuduko muremure hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi.Ubwoko bugufi-bwo gukanda (ubwoko-bwambere-bwinyuma-bwinyuma, ubwoko-bwambere-bwinyuma).Ibisabwa hamwe nibyiza nibibi bya buri kimwe nibi bikurikira (reba Imbonerahamwe 1).

Imbonerahamwe 1 Gukoreshwa no kugereranya ibyiza nibibi byuburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo guhumeka mubwubatsi bwa tunnel

Guhumeka			Ubwoko bwa tunnel ikoreshwa	Kugereranya ibyiza nibibi
Guhumeka bisanzwe			Imiyoboro ifite uburebure buri munsi ya metero 300 kandi nta gaze yangiza iterwa nubutare banyuramo cyangwa umuyoboro uva mu mwuka.	Ibyiza: nta bikoresho bya mashini, nta gukoresha ingufu, nta shoramari. Ibibi: bikwiranye gusa na tunnel ngufi cyangwa tunnel-binyuze mumyuka.
Umuyaga uhumeka	Kanda-mwuka		Bikwiranye na tunel yo hagati na ngufi	Ibyiza: Umuvuduko wumuyaga hamwe nintera igaragara kumasoko yumuyaga ni munini, ubushobozi bwo gusohora umwotsi burakomeye, igihe cyo guhumeka mumaso yakazi ni kigufi, umuyoboro woroheje uhumeka ukoreshwa cyane cyane, igiciro ni gito, kandi isanzwe ikoreshwa mubwubatsi bwa tunnel. Ibibi: Kugaruka kwumwuka wumwanda bihumanya umuyoboro wose, kandi gusohoka biratinda, bikangiza ibidukikije.
	Guhumeka		Bikwiranye na tunel yo hagati na ngufi	Ibyiza: Imyanda, uburozi nubumara byangiza byinjizwa mumufana, hanyuma bigasohoka mumurongo unyuze mumufana, bitanduye ahandi hantu, kandi ikirere nikirere gikora mumurongo bikomeza kuba byiza. Ibibi: Imiyoboro ihumeka ya spiral ifata imiyoboro ihindagurika ya layflat ihumeka hamwe na skeleton y'icyuma cyangwa umuyoboro ukomeye wo mu kirere, kandi ikiguzi ni kinini.
	Guhumeka neza		Imirongo miremire kandi ndende-ndende irashobora gukoreshwa, hamwe no kuvoma no gukanda-guhumeka	Ibyiza: Guhumeka neza. Ibibi: Harakenewe ibice bibiri byabafana nuyoboro wikirere. Ibindi byiza nibibi ni kimwe no gukanda no gukuramo umwuka.

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